Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a type of cancer that starts in the colon or the rectum. It typically begins as a small growth called a polyp that forms on the inner lining of the colon or rectum and can develop into cancer over time. Colon cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Risk factors for colon cancer include age, family history of the disease, certain genetic conditions, a diet high in red and processed meats, obesity, lack of physical activity, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption. Symptoms of colon cancer can include changes in bowel habits, persistent abdominal discomfort, rectal bleeding, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. Treatment for colon cancer often involves surgery to remove the cancerous tumor, as well as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Early detection through screening tests such as colonoscopies can greatly improve the chances of successful treatment and survival. Additionally, lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can help reduce the risk of developing colon cancer.